Freepedia

Download History Lessons and Activities

2011-11-23T02:12:00.001-08:00

Download FULL history lessons in one file. Large PowerPoint files contain the images, slides, lesson plan and audio. Ready to teach instantly.

Make lesson planning much easier with "A lifetime's log of lesson activities". 100 generic activities including flash PowerPoints that can be used by any teacher.

http://www.teacherofhistory.co.uk./www.teacherofhistory.co.uk/Home.html

Guttering and Ornamental Hoppers

2011-06-23T06:04:00.000-07:00

Unlike todays popular choices for guttering, Georgian Lead and Victorian Cast Iron Guttering were quite beautiful.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesGuttering.php

2011-06-07T02:46:00.000-07:00

Doorways of Prague

2011-05-26T03:43:00.000-07:00

Prague, the city known as the "golden city of spires" is awash with period details from the dynamic Baroque style to Art Nouveau and Cubism.

Prague has examples of architecture that spans over one thousand years. It was spared from heavy war damage and now displays so much beauty that viewers are inspired at every corner.

Both domestic and business properties in Old Prague are heavily decorated with large slabs of granite, carved wood, stone statues and painted plaster decorations on an enormous scale. Doorways span 20 feet high and surrounding it is art that tells a story or depicts a religious tale. Before the 18th century Prague's homes had no numbered addresses so each house had to be identified by its name. The door entrances influenced by the dramatic baroque style became away of identifying an address and this style of design continued throughout the years.
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesPragueDoorways.php

Pediments, Pilasters & Columns

2011-03-23T07:19:00.000-07:00

Pediments, Pilasters & Columns are classical mouldings and projections which originated from ancient Roman and Greek classical design which dominated the Georgian period.

Georgian architects and builders often used pediments and pilasters in their design as part of the main front door on housing or on the gable end of large buildings.

For further research ideas or images on Pediments, Pilasters & Columns please follow this link: http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesPediments.php

The Arts & Craft Movement

2011-02-07T05:35:00.000-08:00

Arts & Craft Movement emerged in the 1880's in reaction to the mass production of goods in the Victorian period. Artist like William Morris and Charles Voysey felt that there had been a decline in craftsmanship skills due to the use of machines.

The Arts & Craft Movement was influenced by medieval craftsmanship. Believing one craftsman should make an item from start of finish and only using local materials. Finished pieces would often be unvarnished and simple in design.

Find out more about Arts & Craft designers and examples of Arts & Craft style:
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDesignersArts&Craft.php

Garden & Boundary Walls

2011-01-26T05:31:00.000-08:00

Are you thinking about rebuilding your garden wall? Follow this link: http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesBoundaryWalls.php to get some ideas on what style of wall would suit the period of your house?

Do you love your balcony as much as the Edwardians did?

2011-01-12T03:44:00.000-08:00

The Edwardians loved their balconies. They increased in size so that they stretched across several windows. The larger houses used them as an area to enjoy the sun or even as a loggia - an open air sleeping room. Balconies were made from wrought iron or carved white wood.

You can find out more about different styles of balconies and verandas at:

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesBalconies&Verandas.php

Aldous Huxley and Crome Yellow

2011-01-04T08:32:00.001-08:00

Aldous Huxley his first novel, Crome Yellow in 1921. Scott Fitzgerald wrote that the novel was "the highest point so far attained by Anglo-Saxon sophistication" and that Huxley was "the wittiest man now writing in English".

Crome Yellow brought Huxley instant fame but upset his friends who appeared in the novel. This included Dora Carrington (Mary Bracegirdle). In the novel Huxley recreated his many discussions with Carrington. She explained what she was looking for in a man: "It must be somebody intelligent, somebody with intellectual interests that I can share. And it must be somebody with a proper respect for women, somebody who's prepared to talk seriously about his work and his ideas and about my work and my ideas. It isn't, as you see, at all easy to find the right person."

Ottoline Morrell felt betrayed by Huxley for writing about her in Crome Yellow. The character, Priscilla Wimbush, was described as having a "large square middle-aged face, with a massive projecting nose and little greenish eyes, the whole surmounted by a lofty and elaborate coiffure of a curiously improbable shade of orange." Ottoline was also furious about his rude and unfunny descriptions of her friends, Dorothy Brett, Dora Carrington, Bertram Russell and Mark Gertler. She told Huxley that his book reminded her of "poor photography".

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jhuxley.htm

D.H. Lawrence and Lydia Lawrence

2011-01-03T02:15:00.001-08:00

David Herbert Lawrence, the fourth of the five children of Arthur John Lawrence (1846–1924), a miner, was born in Eastwood near Nottingham on 11th September, 1885. His father was barely literate, but his mother, Lydia Lawrence, was better educated and was determined that David and his brothers should not become miners.

According to his biographer, John Worthen: "Arthur Lawrence, like his three brothers, was a coalminer who worked from the age of ten until he was sixty-six, was very much at home in the small mining town, and was widely regarded as an excellent workman and cheerful companion. Lawrence's mother Lydia was the second daughter of Robert Beardsall and his wife, Lydia Newton of Sneinton; originally lower middle-class, the Beardsalls had suffered financial disaster in the 1860s and Lydia, in spite of attempts to work as a pupil teacher, had, like her sisters, been forced into employment as a sweated home worker in the lace industry. But she had had more education than her husband, and passed on to her children an enduring love of books, a religious faith, and a commitment to self-improvement, as well as a profound desire to move out of the working class in which she felt herself trapped."

As a child Lawrence preferred the company of girls to boys and this led to him being bullied at school. He was an intelligent boy and at the age of 12 he became the first boy from Eastwood to win one of the recently established county council scholarships, and went to Nottingham High School. However, he did not get on with the other boys and left school in the summer of 1901 without qualifications.

Lawrence started work as a factory clerk for a surgical appliances manufacturer in Nottingham. Soon afterwards, his eldest brother, William Ernest Lawrence, by now a successful clerk in London, fell ill and died on 11th October 1901. Lydia Lawrence was distraught with the loss of her favourite son and now turned her attention to the career of David. John Worthen argues that "she needed her children to make up for the disappointments of her life." David now gave up his employment as a clerk and started work as a pupil teacher at the school in Eastwood for miner's children.

Lawrence's mother wanted him to continue his education and in 1906 he began studying for his teacher's certificate at the University College of Nottingham. In 1908 Lawrence qualified as a teacher and found employment at Davidson Road School in Croydon. According to the author of D. H. Lawrence: The Life of an Outsider (2005): "He found the demands of teaching in a large school in a poor area very different from those at Eastwood under a protective headmaster. Nevertheless he established himself as an energetic teacher, ready to use new teaching methods (Shakespeare lessons became practical drama classes, for example)."

In August 1910, Lydia Lawrence became ill with cancer. Lawrence visited his mother in Eastwood every other weekend. In October he realised she was close to death and he decided to stay at home to nurse her. He wrote to a friend: "There has been this kind of bond between me and my mother... We knew each other by instinct... We have been like one, so sensitive to each other that we never needed words. It has been rather terrible and has made me, in some respects, abnormal."

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JlawrenceDH.htm

The Philosophy of Ethel Mannin

2010-12-31T06:10:00.000-08:00

Ethel Mannin created a sensation when she published Confessions and Impressions (1930). Aged only 29, it was the first volume of her memoirs and included a detailed account of her early life.

“I have always in the end got what I set out to get. Though keeping it may be another matter. But I have always believed profoundly in the magnetism of desire. There is no superstition about it - if one wants a thing intensely enough one must finally achieve it, for the simple reason that all one's thoughts and actions are directed towards that end, both consciously and unconsciously, and there is tremendous power in that unconscious propulsion towards the objective. The trouble with the majority of people is that they do not know what they want from life, and even when they have some idea, there is no passion in their wanting…. The lives of the majority of people are fundamentally wrong; wrong at the core; nothing but a series of recurrent appetites, the gratification of which fulfils no profound organic satisfaction. In all this fussing with a myriad things there is a missing of fundamental satisfaction all along the line. One observes it in the faces of men and women in the streets, hears it in their voices, observes it in their taboo-ridden, convention-bound conduct. They are the slaves of fear and superstition and fetish.”

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmannin.htm

Sash Repairs: The Sash Window Experts

2010-12-17T02:53:00.000-08:00

You can find some fascinating historical resources about the history of the sash window at Sash Repairs website: http://www.sashrepairs.co.uk/info/

These Articles have been written by Architect and Writer David Wrightson, who provides a series of informative notes on the subject of all types of sliding sash and casement windows.

The Duke of Monmouth and Moor Park House: An Interesting Seventeenth–Century Sash Window Contract http://www.sashrepairs.co.uk/info/sash-window-contract.html tells the story behind the contract order by the Duke of Monmouth for the sash windows and shutters for the stately home Moor Park.

Windows, Wind, and Weather
Part 1: A Short History of Weather Exclusion: Advice from the Past http://www.sashrepairs.co.uk/info/history-of-weather-exclusion.html

Windows, Wind, and Weather
Part 2: A Short History of Weather Exclusion: advice for today
http://www.sashrepairs.co.uk/info/history-of-weather-exclusion-part-2.html

Fanlights

2010-12-01T03:56:00.000-08:00

Interested in researching the fanlight above your front door. This page shows you all about the different Georgian and Victorian period styles.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesFanlights.php

My Recent Purchase

2010-11-23T03:17:00.000-08:00

I spend so much time reaseaching new products to buy for my own home that I thought I would share my new found knowledge with you.

Guinea Pigs: Care for and buying the hutch and accessories
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/MyRecentPurchaseGuineaPigs.php

Renovating the front of your house? Remember to create a sympathetic porch to the style of your house.

2010-11-15T03:43:00.000-08:00

A canopy or porch can provide protection and shelter from the weather as well as create a decorative feature that draws the eye to the main entrance of the house. The porch can be inside the main front wall or protrude from the building.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDoorEntrancesPorches.php

Period Doors

2010-10-18T03:29:00.000-07:00

Thinking about changing an external or internal door? Have you considered finding the right style of door for the period style of your home. Find out more about which door might be right for your house at these below links:

External period doors
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesFrontDoors.php

Internal period doors
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDoorsInternal.php

Stained Glass

2010-10-11T05:14:00.000-07:00

If you are interested in Stained Glass or are thinking of adding some to your home, you may find this page useful:

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesStainedLeadedGlass.php

Leaded glass generally refers to glass held together by lead and then secured within timber, metal or stone framework.

Early leading designers were the Pre-Raphaelites, William Morris (1834-1898) and Edward Burne-Jones who set up their own glass works. In America, John LaFarge and Louis Comfort Tiffany, who were part of the Art Nouveau and Aesthetic movements, popularized stained glass by using opalescent glass and produced glass windows, lamps and mosaics.

After the First World War glass designs became mass produced and less intricate. Scene would depict galleons, flowers and sun bursts.

Herringbone brickwork

2010-10-05T05:42:00.000-07:00

Are you interested in herringbone brickwork?

Herringbone brickwork is where bricks are laid at an angle with each course alternating its direction. This is primarily seen as a decorative feature and not suitable for load bearing walls. Herringbone brickwork has been most popularly seen in fireplaces, porch entrances, floors and chimneys.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesHerringboneBrickwork.php

Herringbone brickwork was a popular decorative feature that was part of the Tudorbethan and Jacobethan style used in the 1920's and 1930's. Builders were imitating the look of Tudor and Jacobean houses which used a mixture of half timbering with herringbone brickwork.

Tle Hung Walls

2010-10-04T05:24:00.000-07:00

Do you have a period house and want to know more about tile hung walls? See this page: http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesTileHungWalls.php

Decorative external features such as Tile Hung Walls were popular on the Arts & Crafts home and then continued into the 1920's and 1930's traditional homes. The clay tiles could be produced in different shapes and colours and hung from wooden battens to create a pattern on gables, bays and roofs of porches.

Pebble dashing and rough casting on houses

2010-10-01T03:46:00.000-07:00

Pebble dashing was introduced as a design feature that was popular with Arts & Crafts and Tudorbethan style homes. External walls were red brick at the lower end and pebble dashed above. The wall surface was often left unpainted.

Pebble dashing obtained a poor image after it was over used in post war housing. Rather than a design feature it was used to covering up poor brickwork as there was a shortage of skilled bricklayers. After the second world war pebble dashing was a very common feature on council estate houses.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesPebbledash.php

Interested in Art Deco design?

2010-09-30T03:53:00.000-07:00

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDeco.php

Art Deco was one of the most dominant styles of the 1920's & 30's. It started as a high art luxurious style but soon became mass produced. Art Deco is often recognised by its repetitive use of zigzags, fan and chevron motifs.

Furniture shapes were influenced by industry and technology. Strong geometric patterns could be found on soft furnishings, wallpapers and home ware. Clarice Cliff ceramics is an example of a popular home ware that used patterns of diamonds and triangles in bold contrasting colours.

Between 1905 and 1914 a large number of WSPU members agreed to take actions that would result in them being sent to prison. Here are some biographies

2010-09-29T12:30:00.000-07:00

Windows

2010-09-24T06:04:00.000-07:00

In 1894 the Building Act changed the regulations, so that windows no longer had to be flush with the exterior wall. This enabled windows to stand proud from the facade. The late Victorian and Edwardian period took advantage of the change in new building regulations and now presented their windows in bays. Medium and larger houses would often display double bay or bow windows.

A bay window creates the illusion of a larger room. It also maximizes the amount of light entering a room and offers a dryer alternative to a balcony.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesMetalFramedWindows.php

Custom window blinds need to be carefully measured and trimmed to fit for an inner window installation.

1920's & 1930's Tiled Fireplaces

2010-09-17T03:31:00.000-07:00

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesModerneFireplaces.php

The traditional home owner may still have had a wooden surround but with a simple ceramic insert, the romantic floral decoration was out and chevrons and zig zags were used as motifs. The true Art Deco follower would of chosen a complete ceramic unit, machine made. Shapes were reflective of architecture and geometric forms.

Set up the TV by the fireplace so you can choose cable versus direct tv, then watch your dish network cable tv with one of the satellite tv antennas from SatelliteDish.tv. Visit today to learn the difference between direct tv and dish network!

The WSPU Hierarchy

2010-08-24T12:38:00.000-07:00

In the early days of socialism in Britain, several attractive young women, helped their political careers by having affairs with older men who were also senior figures in the Labour Party. It is disturbing that some of my political heroes abused their position by seducing young followers. These women were often extremely talented and in the cases of Barbara Castle, Ellen Wilkinson and Jennie Lee, they would have had no trouble getting to the top if they had been men.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRcastleB.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUwilkinson.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUlee.htm

Is it possible that the same thing happened with the women’s movement? In 1907 some leading members of the Women's Social and Political Union (WSPU) began to question the leadership of Emmeline Pankhurst and Christabel Pankhurst. These women objected to the way that the Pankhursts were making decisions without consulting members. They also felt that a small group of wealthy women like Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Mary Blathwayt and Clare Mordan were having too much influence over the organisation. In the autumn of 1907, about seventy members of the WSPU left to form the Women's Freedom League (WFL).

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wwspu.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstE.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WpankhurstC.htm

After women’s suffrage was achieved, some members of the breakaway group began to argue that there were other factors in this decision. For example, Teresa Billington-Greig, spoke of how some leaders of the WSPU had unhealthy emotional attachments with other members. She named Christabel Pankhurst, Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Annie Kenny as members who suffered from this tendency. It is assumed that Billington-Greig was referring to the fact that these three women were lesbians. Although she does not mention it, the other two main financial supporters of the WSPU, Mary Blathwayt and Clare Mordan, were also lesbians.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wpethick.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wbillington.htm

Emmeline Pankhurst was also involved in a lesbian relationship with Ethel Smythe, at the time of the breakaway (her husband had died in 1898). Throughout her life Christabel Pankhurst never had a sexual relationship with a man. According to her biographer, Martin Pugh, Christabel first became involved in the struggle for women’s suffrage after becoming very close to the lesbian lovers, Eva Gore-Booth and Esther Roper, while studying at Manchester University in 1901.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Jsmythe.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WroperE.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IREgorebooth.htm

The WSPU was not formed until 1903. Two years later Annie Kenney, a factory worker from Oldham, heard Christabel Pankhurst speak on the subject of women's rights. They fell in love almost immediately and Christabel arranged for Annie to live with her in London. Over the next couple of years they were inseparable. In 1905 they became the first members of the WSPU to go to prison.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wkenney.htm

Annie Kenney appears to have an amazing impact on other women. Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence, Mary Blathwayt and Clare Mordan all spoke of falling in love with her the first time they met her. Teresa Billington-Greig claimed that Annie was "emotionally possessed by Christabel". However, Mary Blathwayt, who spent a lot of time with Annie during this period argued that it was Annie who was the dominating personality as she had a "wonderful influence over people".

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wblathwayt.htm

Teresa Billington-Greig has argued that Annie was also very close to Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence. "It is true that there was an immediate and strong emotional attraction between Emmeline Pethick-Lawrence and Annie Kenney... indeed so emotional and so openly paraded that it frightened me. I saw it as something unbalanced and primitive and possibly dangerous to the movement."

Fran Abrams the author of Freedom's Cause: Lives of the Suffragettes (2003), has argued that Annie Kenney had a series of romantic attachments with other suffragettes: "The relationship (with Christabel Pankhurst) would be mirrored, though never matched in its intensity, by a number of later relationships between Annie and other suffragettes. The extent of their physical nature has never been revealed, but it is certain that in some sense these were romantic attachments. One historian who argues that Annie must have had sexual feelings for other women adds that lesbianism was barely recognised at the time. Such relationships, even when they involved sharing beds, excited little comment."

However, a recently discovered diary has shown that these were sexual relationship. This unpublished diary belonged to Mary Blathwayt, a leading financial backer of the WSPU and up to now, someone who has been virtually ignored by historians. Blathwayt, used her home, Eagle House near Batheaston, as a retreat for suffragettes recovering from being in prison.

Mary Blathwayt recorded in her diary that Annie Kenney had intimate relationships with at least ten members of the WSPU. Blathwayt records in her diary that she slept with Annie in July 1908. Soon afterwards she exhibits jealousy with the comments that "Miss Browne is sleeping in Annie's room now." The diary suggests that Annie was sexually involved with both Christabel Pankhurst and Clara Codd. Blathwayt wrote on 7th September 1910 that "Miss Codd has come to stay, she is sleeping with Annie." Codd's autobiography, So Rich a Life (1951) confirms this account. The historian, Martin Pugh, points out that "In the diary Kenney appears frequently and with different women. Almost day by day Mary says she is sleeping with someone else."

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wclodd.htm

Clare Mordan, who never went to prison, but who was one of the WSPU main financial backers, also spent a lot of time at Eagle House. It seems that some women could buy themselves into what appears to have become a “love nest”. Mary’s father, Colonel Linley Blathwayt, a retired army officer, motivation for allowing these women to live in his house, also raises interesting questions. He built a summer-house in the grounds of the estate that was called the "Suffragette Rest". He was an amateur photographer and took portrait photographs of the women. These were then signed and sold at WSPU bazaars. Maybe he also took some other kinds of photographs. According to historians of pornography, photographs of women together were in great demand and could be sold at a very high price.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmordan.htm

Annie Kenney admitted in her autobiography that suffragettes developed a different set of values to other women at the time: "The changed life into which most of us entered was a revolution in itself. No home life, no one to say what we should do or what we should not do, no family ties, we were free and alone in a great brilliant city, scores of young women scarcely out of their teens met together in a revolutionary movement, outlaws or breakers of laws, independent of everything and everybody, fearless and self-confident."

The reason why Teresa Billington-Greig complained about these lesbian relationships was that she felt it was damaging the movement. It was argued that women were promoted to the leadership of the WSPU because of their lesbianism. For example, when Emmeline and Christabel Pankhurst escaped to France, Annie Kenney was put in charge of operations in England. When Kenney was imprisoned the post went to her lover and flat-mate, Rachael Barrett. She was replaced by Grace Roe, who had been the lover of both Christabel Pankhurst and Annie Kenney.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WbarrettR.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wroe.htm

After the First World War the WSPU women became more open about their sexuality. After the war Rachel Barrett lived with her lover Ida Wylie, a novelist and short story writer. Both women were close friends of Radclyffe Hall and gave her support during the obscenity trial following the publication of her lesbian novel, The Well of Loneliness (1928). Hall lost the case and all copies of the novel were destroyed.

Two other members of the WSPU, Edith Craig (the daughter of the actress Helen Terry) and Christabel Marshall, had lived together for fifteen years. In 1916 they were joined by Clare Atwood where they formed a permanent ménage à trois. Her biographer, Katharine Cockin, has pointed out that Marshall wrote they "achieved independence within their intimate relationships... working respectively in the theatre, art, and literature, drew creative inspiration and support from each other."

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WcraigE.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/WmarshallC.htm

Sardinia Travel Guide

2010-07-02T05:59:00.000-07:00

Sardinia (Sardegna), Italy is the second-largest island in the Mediterranean Sea. A stunning island with much to admire, from outstanding coastlines, granite formations, caves and grottoes. Inland there are forests and moutains, marshes, lagoons and rivers.

An island rich with history, dating back to the Palaeolithic period. There are many archaelogical sites to visit such as castles, tombs and temples. Prehistoric contructions from the bronze age can be found all over Sardinia with the Nuraghi. At least 7,000 circular dry stoned towers remain to visit.
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/Travelsardinia.php

Building Services in Worthing

2010-05-13T05:42:00.000-07:00

J.S. Trangmar Building Services is run by John Trangmar, a builder with over 20 years experience. They are based in Worthing and able to undertake jobs in the Sussex area.

J.S. Trangmar builders specialises in both residential and commercial properties. They are able to carry out small building work or can provide a whole team of specialist for larger projects.

John Trangmar is happy to discuss your ideas and provide free building quotations. J.S. Trangmar Building Services pride themselves in their ability to offer excellent value for money without compromising on quality.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/TrangmarBuilders.php

I found this interview very funny

2010-04-20T05:09:00.000-07:00

Renovation of Sash & Casement Windows

2010-03-26T05:55:00.000-07:00

Original windows in a period property can often make a big aesthetical difference in the appearance of the house by adding value and character.

Since the introduction of uPVC there has been a trend to rip out wooden windows and replace them with a plastic version in an attempt to improve the insulation of the house. Home owners are under a constant pressure to make their homes as energy efficient as possible. Replacing the original wooden windows does not have to be your only option. New methods of draft proofing can be used on sash windows very successfully.
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesWindowRepairs.php

Sash Repairs

2010-03-22T06:00:00.000-07:00

If you care about the period detail of your home, always consider renovating your sash windows rather than replacing them with uPVC. Plastic windows always look out of place on a period property. Sash Repairs Limited (based in London) offers the complete service for sash windows with window replacements to renovation and repair work. http://www.sashrepairs.co.uk/

Georgian Iron Work

2010-03-17T04:39:00.000-07:00

The Georgian home would often have iron foot scrapers, lanterns, flame snuffer and later towards the Regency period a desirable feature would have been an iron balcony or window guard.

I have added more images to my Iron work page: http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesIronwork.php

How to renovate or install guide

2010-02-04T04:09:00.000-08:00

Changing your home can be a daunting task. You can constantly ask yourself whether you are making the right decisions or wonder if you are ruining the character of the house. Looking at other people's home changes can help you visualize how your ideas might work.

The "How to guide" shows projects that have been done with links to further advice and sources.
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesHowtoGuide.php

If you would like to send in your own home projects to show on this site, please send them to freepedia@hotmail.co.uk subject: How to guide. Alternately you could add your own images and contribute to the Period House Style Archive Group on Flickr http://www.flickr.com/photos/freepedia/

Designer's Style

2009-12-10T05:11:00.000-08:00

I have just uploaded a page called 'Designer's Style'. This page helps you to research different design influences related to properties and their interiors. From Georgian architect Robert Adam and furniture designer Thomas Chippendale to 1930's Art Deco designer Clarice Cliff.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDesigners.php

wedding catastrophe!

2009-11-11T04:08:00.001-08:00

Guys, do you really think you’re smarter than the ladies?

2009-10-22T06:20:00.001-07:00

Thinking about tracing your family tree?

2009-10-22T04:08:00.000-07:00

You may find this web directory of search & advice links useful. http://www.freepedia.co.uk/directoryhistory10a.php

Witness one man’s fascination with snowballs!

2009-10-14T10:14:00.001-07:00

The Move Channel

2009-10-14T04:13:00.000-07:00

Fill out the form below and our network of specialist global advisors will put you directly in touch with agents or developers who can help you find the right property for your requirements:

Overseas Property | TheMoveChannel.com

Animal Kingdom Strings: Signs and Wonders album

2009-10-09T02:38:00.003-07:00

Created by Thomas Hicks it links a series of graphical images associated with the band and album. Get a free Animal Kingdom track at www.weareanimalkingdom.com.

The Death of Emmett Till, Bob Dylan

2009-10-05T03:40:00.000-07:00

The Death of Emmett Till, Bob Dylan

"Twas down in Mississippi no so long ago,
When a young boy from Chicago town stepped through a Southern door.
This boy's dreadful tragedy I can still remember well,
The color of his skin was black and his name was Emmett Till.

Some men they dragged him to a barn and there they beat him up.
They said they had a reason, but I can't remember what.
They tortured him and did some evil things too evil to repeat.
There was screaming sounds inside the barn, there was laughing sounds out on the street.

Then they rolled his body down a gulf amidst a bloody red rain
And they threw him in the waters wide to cease his screaming pain.
The reason that they killed him there, and I'm sure it ain't no lie,
Was just for the fun of killin' him and to watch him slowly die.

And then to stop the United States of yelling for a trial,
Two brothers they confessed that they had killed poor Emmett Till.
But on the jury there were men who helped the brothers commit this awful crime,
And so this trial was a mockery, but nobody seemed to mind.

I saw the morning papers but I could not bear to see
The smiling brothers walkin' down the courthouse stairs.
For the jury found them innocent and the brothers they went free,
While Emmett's body floats the foam of a Jim Crow southern sea.

If you can't speak out against this kind of thing, a crime that's so unjust,
Your eyes are filled with dead men's dirt, your mind is filled with dust.
Your arms and legs they must be in shackles and chains, and your blood it must refuse to flow,
For you let this human race fall down so God-awful low!

This song is just a reminder to remind your fellow man
That this kind of thing still lives today in that ghost-robed Ku Klux Klan.
But if all of us folks that thinks alike, if we gave all we could give,
We could make this great land of ours a greater place to live.

2009-09-17T09:53:00.001-07:00

A good source for studying the Roman Empire is Schools Wikipedia:

2009-09-11T07:33:00.001-07:00

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/r/Roman_Empire.htm

Spartacus Educational has just produced a new section on the Romans for their online history encyclopaedia:

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Romans.htm

At the moment it contains 46 biographies and 26 individual topics. It also includes questions produced for National Curriculum History. It will grow considerably over the next few months.

Flickr Images

2009-08-21T04:00:00.000-07:00

I am looking into the importance of using Flickr Images in blogging and websites. At present I have been adding a link from my pages to Flickr but am now wondering if I should include Flickr Images on my site?
I have been only using my own images linked to Flickr but am now looking into the legal implications of copyright. This link has proved to be useful: http://www.skelliewag.org/a-complete-guide-to-finding-and-using-incredible-flickr-images-162.htm
http://www.skelliewag.org/a-complete-guide-to-finding-and-using-incredible-flickr-images-162.htm

Sash Repairs

2009-07-02T04:27:00.000-07:00

Schools Wikipedia

2009-07-02T04:25:00.000-07:00

Here are some good web pages on:

The history of football:

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/f/Football.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/a/Association_football.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Fhistory.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ENCfootball.htm

London

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/l/London.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ITlondon.htm

Norman Conquest

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/n/Norman_conquest_of_England.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/b/Battle_of_Hastings.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/w/William_I_of_England.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/h/Harold_Godwinson.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Normans.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/NORhastings.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/MEDwilliam1.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/MEDharold.htm

The Conservation and Thermal Improvement of Timber Windows

2009-07-02T03:12:00.000-07:00

"The effect of some improvements can be extremely damaging to an historic building or place. Double glazing in particular may involve the loss of the original windows and the introduction of a range of details which can ruin the appearance of the building." http://www.buildingconservation.com/articles/windows/thermal.htm

Period House Style

2009-07-02T01:50:00.000-07:00

If you are interested in period properties have a look at my new pages:

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesEncausticTiles.php
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesBalconies&Verandas.php

Here are some web-pages on Mary Tudor, Thomas Cranmer, Thomas More, Philip II and the Spanish Armada.

2009-05-13T12:13:00.001-07:00

Here are some web-pages on Mary Tudor, Thomas Cranmer, Thomas More, Philip II and the Spanish Armada.

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/m/Mary_I_of_England.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDmary1.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/t/Thomas_Cranmer.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDcranmer.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/t/Thomas_More.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDmoreT.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/p/Philip_II_of_Spain.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUSphilip2.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Spanish_Armada.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDarmada.htm

Here are some web-pages on the Tudors: Henry VII, Henry VIII, Edward VI, Elizabeth I and Mary Queen of Scots:

2009-04-20T12:45:00.001-07:00

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/h/Henry_VII_of_England.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDhenry7.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/h/Henry_VIII_of_England.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDhenry8.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/e/Edward_VI_of_England.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDedward6.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/e/Elizabeth_I_of_England.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDelizabeth1.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/m/Mary_I_of_Scotland.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUDmaryscots.htm

Mandy Rice-Davies

2009-04-12T07:14:00.001-07:00

Regina v Ward was undoubtedly one of the most vindictively rigged trials of the 20th Century. The Macmillan government, plagued throughout their office by spy cases, were eager to shift the security aspects of the Profumo business out of the spotlight. Aristocratic by nature and clinging to the old values of a swiftly vanishing past, they cast about for lessor, more expendable mortals on who to pin the blame.
The establishment aimed their arrows at Stephen Ward and a couple of teenage girls who were doing nothing more than chasing a good time. The police with Machiavellian cunning threw in a couple of known prostitutes to muddy the waters.
Three days after Profumo confessed and resigned, Stephen Ward was arrested and a case that barely had legs to stand on was dragged kicking and screaming into court.
Ward may have been a man with lax moral standards and uncertain principles, but other than a few muddled insinuations from the priggish prosecution no evidence was produced to show that Stephen Ward was a pimp. There is no doubt that had Ward not committed suicide, the case would have been dismissed on appeal.
In regard to myself, the worst I could be accused of is bad judgment and a healthy libido. I was only eighteen years old when the storm broke and after getting on with the rest of my life 1963 still casts a shadow. However a scandal is a scandal whatever the outcome and there will always be those who for personal gain or simple spite will try to distort the truth.
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPYdavies.htm

Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany

2009-03-07T14:21:00.000-08:00

You will find some good information on Adolf Hitler and Nazi Germany on the following pages at Schools Wikipedia and the Spartacus Educational website:

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/n/Nazi_Germany.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/g/Germany.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/t/The_Holocaust.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/w/Warsaw_Uprising.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/a/Adolf_Hitler.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERnazigermany.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Germany.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERholocaust.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWwarsawU.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/GERhitler.htm

Period Home Style: Furniture

2009-03-04T02:44:00.000-08:00

I have just completed a section on period furniture. It covers the years from the Georgian period up until the Edwardian period.

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesFurnitureGeorgian.php
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesFurnitureVictorian.php
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesFurnitureEdwardian.php

English Civil War

2009-02-12T11:13:00.001-08:00

People interested in the English Civil War might be interested in the following pages:

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Charles_II_of_England.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Charles_I_of_England.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/e/English_Civil_War.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/o/Oliver_Cromwell.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CivilWar.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcivilwar.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcromwellO.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcharles1.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/STUcharles2.htm

Georgian House Style

2009-02-09T03:38:00.000-08:00

Queen Victoria

2009-01-24T15:03:00.001-08:00

Detailed information about Queen Victoria can be found at: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRvictoria.htm http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/v/Victoria_of_the_United_Kingdom.htm

Karl Marx and the Russian Revolution

2009-01-24T15:02:00.000-08:00

Here are some web-pages on Karl Marx, Friedrich Engels and the Russian Revolution. It is also worth taking a look at Eleanor Marx, one of the most tragic figures in history. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUmarx.htm http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/TUengels.htm http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Karl_Marx.htm http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Russian-Revolution.htm http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Wmarx.htm

West Ham United Blog

2009-01-14T09:02:00.001-08:00

Gary Loughran and John Simkin have created a blog/daily newspaper devoted to West Ham United. Hammers News will include match reports, in-depth articles about the club, player profiles, player match-ratings, transfer news, book reviews, etc.

http://hammersnews.blogspot.com/

Schools Wikipedia

2009-01-09T09:11:00.000-08:00

Schools Wikipedia have some great resources for students of English literature. This includes:

Charles Dickens

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Charles_Dickens.htm

Rudyard Kipling

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/r/Rudyard_Kipling.htm

Mary Shelley

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/m/Mary_Shelley.htm

Lord Byron

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/g/George_Gordon_Byron%252C_6th_Baron_Byron.htm

George Orwell

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/n/Nineteen_Eighty-Four.htm

Harry Alan Towers

2008-12-31T01:27:00.000-08:00

According to Anthony Summers, Harry Alan Towers was by 1960 "a prosperous film producer working, out of Hollywood and Toronto". Towers was a regular visitor to London and at a party held by American millionaire Huntington Hartford he was introduced by Stephen Ward to Mariella Novotny. She later claimed that "Towers said he could make me into a television model for commercials in America." In December 1960, Mariella Novotny arrived in New York City. She later told a friend that "I wanted to be famous and show my mother that I could make a go of life myself." Novotny was arrested on 3rd March 1961 by the FBI and was charged with soliciting. Three days later Towers was charged with violation of the White Slave Traffic Act, alleging that he had transported Novotny from England to New York for the purpose of prostitution.In a statement made to the FBI, Novotny claimed that: "Towers took me to the Great Northern Hotel... The following afternoon Towers brought a prostitution date to me, who paid me $40 to commit a sexual act. Thereafter I entertained prostitution dates regularly and earned approximately $400 a week. I gave Towers about $300 of this money." Novotny added: "Towers was present when prostitution acts were committed." She provided detailed lists of madames and prostitutes who had arranged dates, or gone on threesomes with her - all, she claimed, introduced to her by Towers. Novotny also told the FBI that "Towers was a Soviet agent and that Soviets wanted information for purposes of compromise of prominent individuals."Towers provided a different interpretation on what happened: "I had an affair with her (Mariella Novotny) and didn't know she was a hooker. Our total involvement was that she joined me in New York and lived with me in a couple of hotels... I got into trouble through my own stupidity.... I was in the other room writing a screenplay. She came rushing into the room - she wasn't living with me then, she'd asked if she could come up to meet somebody - I was busy working when she rushed in naked and said there was a policeman in the other room." Philip Knightley explains that: "Towers was held in the Manhattan House of Detention on $10,000 bail until his hearing, set down for 7 March... On 15 March Towers's bail was reduced to $5,000 and he was released. He appeared before a grand jury on 12 April on five counts of violating the WSTA. On 25 April he came up before judge Charles M. Metzner and pleaded not guilty to all five charges." Knightley adds that the District Attorney asked that bail be increased to $25,000 because "a large number of influential and wealthy persons involved in this case would like to see the defendant out of the country." The judge refused the request and as a result by the time his trial was due to begin on 16th May 1961, Towers had fled the country. According to a report written by J. Edgar Hoover, Towers was now living in the Soviet Union. On 31st May 1961 Mariella Novotny boarded the Cunard liner, Queen Mary, using the false name of Mrs R. Tyson. By the time the ship reached Southampton, the British immigration authorities had received word from the FBI that Tyson was really Mariella Novotny and that she was wanted in the United States in a "sex-for-sale" case which involved men in "high elective office in the United States government."The FBI case against Towers and Novotny was eventually dropped. Novotny returned to running sex parties in London. So many senior politicians attended that she began referring to herself as the "government's Chief Whip". As well as British politicians such as John Profumo and Ernest Marples, foreign leaders such as Willy Brandt and Ayub Khan, attended these parties.Mandy Rice-Davies later wrote in her autobiography: "In early 1962 I received an offer to make a television commercial in the States. The producer had come to England to find a girl with a British accent, typically British-looking." On 11th July, 1962, Rice-Davies and Christine Keeler, arrived in New York City. They stayed at a hotel on Fire Island. According to Rice-Davies she fell asleep on the beach and was badly sunburnt. She telephoned the studio and told them: "I've had this accident - first-degree sunburn. It will take about a month if I am lucky to get my skin back in order." The women returned to London on 18th July. It later emerged that their movements in America were being monitored by the FBI. Was this producer Harry Alan Towers? Rice-Davies does not name the producer but it is an interesting fact that Rice-Davies later appeared in a film, Black Venus, that was produced by Towers. In June, 1963, J. Edgar Hoover produced an internal memo on the Profumo Scandal: For information. John Profumo was British Minister of War until his recent resignation following disclosure of his relations with Christine Keeler. Stephen Ward, London osteopath, has been arrested in London charged with living on the earnings of Keeler and Marilyn Rice-Davies, prostitutes. Ward's operations reportedly part of a large vice ring involving many people including many prominent people in the U.S. and England including other Ministers of British Cabinet not yet identified. Other individuals involved include Yevgeny Ivanov, aka Eugene Ivanov, former Soviet Naval Attache, London, who patronised Keeler and who reportedly requested Keeler to obtain information from Profumo; Thomas J. Corbally, U.S. citizen engaged in business in Britain, who reportedly gave wild parties in his flat; Michael H. B. Eddowes, British attorney for Keeler, now in the U.S. representing her interests re sale of her story to publications; Horace Dibben, British citizen, in whose residence sex orgies were held is husband of Maria Novotny; Maria Novotny is prostitute who operated in NYC, was arrested on March three, one nine six one, and was victim in white slave case involving her procurer, Alan Towers. She fled to England and has participated in orgies at Ward residence. Alan Towers was in NYC for two years prior to his arrest in above white slave case. He jumped bail and is now a bureau fugitive. He is reportedly now permanently residing behind Iron Curtain. Novotny alleges Towers was a Soviet agent and that Soviets wanted information for purposes of compromise of prominent individuals; Lord Astor of England on whose Cliveden Estate sex orgies reportedly occurred: it was here that Profumo first met Keeler; Douglas Fairbanks, Jnr, movie actor; Earl Felton, American screen writer; and many others also involved.Hoover was wrong to claim that Towers was living in the Soviet Union. In fact, he was successfully producing films in London. However, it is this passage that is very interesting: "Ward's operations reportedly part of a large vice ring involving many people including many prominent people in the U.S. and England including other Ministers of British Cabinet not yet identified. Other individuals involved include Yevgeny Ivanov, aka Eugene Ivanov, former Soviet Naval Attache, London, who patronised Keeler and who reportedly requested Keeler to obtain information from Profumo; Thomas J. Corbally, U.S. citizen engaged in business in Britain, who reportedly gave wild parties in his flat... Novotny alleges Towers was a Soviet agent and that Soviets wanted information for purposes of compromise of prominent individuals; Lord Astor of England on whose Cliveden Estate sex orgies reportedly occurred: it was here that Profumo first met Keeler; Douglas Fairbanks, Jnr, movie actor; Earl Felton, American screen writer; and many others also involved." Hoover was obviously being kept in the dark about what was really happening. It was a MI5/CIA honeytrap operation. Both Thomas J. Corbally and Earl Felton were both CIA informants. Towers was clearly rewarded for the help he gave MI5/CIA. He enjoyed a successful career in movies. Despite being 88 years old he is currently producing Moll Flanders that will be released next year. For more information on Towers read my page on him. Then compare it to the page provided by Wikipedia: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPYtowers.htm http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Harry_Alan_TowersFor his television and movie career see:http://www.imdb.com/name/nm0869935/

John Profumo

2008-12-30T04:40:00.001-08:00

It is 45 years since Stephen Ward committed suicide. At the time, there was a complete cover-up of what was really happening. I thought it might be worthwhile looking at what we really know about the case today.

Stephen Ward was involved in recruiting young women to take part in sex parties held for the ruling elite in Britain. One of the women who held these parties was called Mariella Novotny, who had an expensive home in London provided by a wealthy night-club owner, Horace Dibben. These parties were attended by several ministers in the government.

Ward was in constant contact with a man who was known as “Woods”. At his trial Ward said that he had contact with Woods at Room 393 at the War Office. According to Christine Keeler in her autobiography published in 2001, Ward used to meet Woods at their flat. Ward told Keeler that Woods was interested in the names of the people who went to these sex parties.

Ward told the court that in early 1961 he informed Woods that John Profumo, the War Minister and Eugene Ivanov, an naval attaché at the Soviet embassy, were attending these parties.

In 1987 an investigation by the Sunday Times identified “Woods” as being Keith Wagstaffe, an MI5 officer working for DI Operations, a section of the Counter-Intelligence branch. We know from Stephen Ward's unpublished memoir, and from the report provided by MI5 for the government inquiry held by Lord Denning, that the intelligence services were especially interested in the activities of Eugene Ivanov, who they rightly considered was spying for the KGB. In one of these early meetings Ward asked if he should continue seeing Ivanov. Wagstaffe replied that he should but he needed to keep him informed about Ivanov's activities. The authors of the two main books about the case, An Affair of State and Honeytrap, claim that MI5 were attempting to entrap Ivanov is some sort of sex scandal in order to backmail him into becoming a double-agent. They are surely right about this.

We also know that the FBI were monitoring the women that Ward was using to entrap Ivanov. Mariella Novotny, Christine Keeler and Mandy Rice-Davies all visited the United States between 1960-62 and that released FBI documents show that they were suspected of having sex with leading politicians, including John and Robert Kennedy.

Mandy Rice-Davies, one of the prostitutes, involved in this “honeytrap” pointed out in her book published in 1980 that Ivanov resisted their advances. Keeler later claimed that she had sex with Ivanov on one occasion but most people who investigated this case, suspect that she was lying. This is also the view of Rice-Davies. It would seem that the “honeytrap” was not working.

Keith Wagstaffe was refused permission by MI5 to talk to the Sunday Times in 1987. However, unofficially, he did provide Philip Knightley, the journalist working on the case, with some key information. We now know for example that Ward warned MI5 that John Profumo had become embroiled in this “honeytrap”. However, it was sometime afterwards that Profumo was warned about this and he broke off contact with Keeler. This suggests to me that the intention of this honeytrap was to compromise politicians as well as KGB agents.

This is also the case in the United States. Bobby Baker, who used some of the same girls as Stephen Ward, was mainly interested in entrapping politicians. It is assumed, that this enabled Lyndon Johnson and J. Edgar Hoover to blackmail these politicians. John and Robert Kennedy both became victims of this plot.

One of the most interesting aspects of this US/UK honeytrap operation was the use of Mariella Novotny. It was not just enough to have evidence that politicians were having sex with prostitutes. It was vitally important to persuade them that were involved in a relationship with a KGB spy. The reality is that Mariella Novotny was not a KGB spy. In fact, Mariella Novotny was not even her right-name. Her birth certificate states that she was Stella Capes and she was born in the East End of London in 1942.

It was later claimed that her grandfather was Antonín Novotny, the President of Czechoslovakia from 1957 to 1968 and the General Secretary of the Communist Party from 1953 to 1968. If this is the case, and Mariella Novotny was a KGB spy, why would she make it easy for the intelligence services, by changing her name to indicate a link with a communist regime? It makes no sense at all, unless the real motive, was to aquire information to blackmail senior politicians with this story.

For more information on this story see the following pages of the Spartacus Educational website:

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPYkeeler.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPYwardS.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/PRprofumo.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPYivanov.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/SPYdavies.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKnovotny.htm

Period House Style Archive Group

2008-12-30T02:21:00.000-08:00

Have a look at our Flickr photographs. http://www.flickr.com/photos/freepedia/
This digital photographic collections allows you to research hundreds of images on period design details. You can also contribute by added comments or starting relevant topic discussions. Opening up your own Flickr account will enable you to add your own images and contribute to the Period House Style Archive Group.

Lou Bernstein

2008-12-30T02:04:00.000-08:00

I have added a page on Lou Bernstein to my Directory of Documentary Photographers
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRPhoto.php

Lou Bernstein was known as “The photographer’s photographer”, among the prominent great photographers of his generation. During the 1950’s through the 1980’s, Bernstein’s personal views, articulations on the aesthetics of photography, established him as a much sought after lecturer, critic, and teacher. He conducted numerous private individual and public group photographic workshops, as well as becoming a college educator. Bernstein taught at The Phoenix School of Design, NY, and at the request of W. Eugene Smith, took over Smith’s classes at Cooper Union, when Smith went to Japan for Life Magazine.
http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRPhotoBernstein.php

President Kennedy

2008-12-15T04:49:00.000-08:00

President Kennedy was assassinated on 22nd November 1963. He was replaced by Lyndon Johnson. Some historians have claimed that the death of JFK had a tremendous impact on the development of modern history. For example, JFK was involved in secret talks with the Soviet Union at the time of his death to bring an end to the Cold War. His leading advisers also claim that he was also about to withdraw US involvement in Vietnam. These issues are covered on the following pages:

John Kennedy

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/j/John_F._Kennedy.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkennedyJ.htm

Assassination of John Kennedy

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKindex.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/j/John_F._Kennedy_assassination.htm

Lyndon Johnson

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAjohnsonLB.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/l/Lyndon_B._Johnson.htm

Cold War

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ColdWar.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Cold_War.htm

Vietnam War

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/vietnam.html

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/v/Vietnam_War.htm

Race Relations in the United States

2008-12-02T14:00:00.001-08:00

At the end of the American Civil War radical members of Congress attempted to destroy the white power structure of the Rebel states. The Freeman's Bureau was established by Congress on 3rd March, 1865. The bureau was designed to protect the interests of former slaves. This included helping them to find new employment and to improve educational and health facilities. In the year that followed the bureau spent $17,000,000 establishing 4,000 schools, 100 hospitals and providing homes and food for former slaves.

Attempts by Congress to extend the powers of the Freemen's Bureau was vetoed by President Andrew Johnson in February, 1866. In April 1866, Johnson also vetoed the Civil Rights Bill that was designed to protect freed slaves from Southern Black Codes (laws that placed severe restrictions on freed slaves such as prohibiting their right to vote, forbidding them to sit on juries, limiting their right to testify against white men, carrying weapons in public places and working in certain occupations).

The first branch of the Ku Klux Klan was established in Pulaski, Tennessee, in May, 1866. A year later a general organization of local Klans was established in Nashville in April, 1867. Most of the leaders were former members of the Confederate Army and the first Grand Wizard was Nathan Forrest, an outstanding general during the American Civil War. During the next two years Klansmen wearing masks, white cardboard hats and draped in white sheets, tortured and killed black Americans and sympathetic whites. Immigrants, who they blamed for the election of Radical Republicans, were also targets of their hatred. Between 1868 and 1870 the Ku Klux Klan played an important role in restoring white rule in North Carolina, Tennessee and Georgia.

You will find more information about these related subjects here:

Slavery in the United States

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAslavery.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/s/Slavery.htm

The American Civil War

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivilwarC.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/a/American_Civil_War.htm

The KKK

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkkk.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/k/Ku_Klux_Klan.htm

Civil Rights Movement

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAcivilrights.htm

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/c/Civil_rights.htm

Period House Style Archive Group

2008-11-20T04:23:00.000-08:00

Here are the links to my Period House Style site:

2008-11-19T12:13:00.000-08:00

Schools Wikipedia Website

2008-11-17T02:56:00.001-08:00

It is really worth exploring the Schools Wikipedia website. Unlike, the original Wikipedia, the content has been reviewed and edited by the academic community. For example, take a look at the following:

First World War

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/w/World_War_I.htm

Second World War

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/w/World_War_II.htm

Adolf Hitler

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/a/Adolf_Hitler.htm

Joseph Stalin

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/j/Joseph_Stalin.htm

Lenin

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/v/Vladimir_Lenin.htm

Leon Trotsky

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/l/Leon_Trotsky.htm

Winston Churchill

http://schools-wikipedia.org/wp/w/Winston_Churchill.htm

The Normans

2008-11-11T09:22:00.001-08:00

The Normans

30 biographies and 20 aspects of Norman life. http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Normans.htm

English Civil War

2008-11-11T09:21:00.000-08:00

Biographies of Military Leaders (36), Political and Religious Figures (40), Writers and Artists(20), Events, Issues and Organizations (18), Battles (6) and Religious Groups (10).

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/CivilWar.htm

Encyclopaedia of the Industrial Revolution (538 entries)

2008-11-10T06:18:00.001-08:00

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/IndustrialRevolution.htm

The encyclopaedia is being created in sections (entries in parenthesis): The Textile Industry (148), Entrepreneurs (80), Child Labour (94), Engineers (34), Railways (116), Poverty, Health and Housing (26) and Towns & Cities (40).

Barack Obama and the assassinations of JFK, RFK and MLK

2008-11-06T13:17:00.001-08:00

Some people believe that John F. Kennedy was killed by white racists who were opposed to civil rights legislation. When Lyndon B. Johnson signed the 1965 Civil Rights Act he made a prophecy that he was “signing away the south for 50 years”. This proved accurate. In fact, the Democrats have never recovered the vote of the white racists in the Deep South. This is the electorate that now gives its support to the Republican Party. A new alliance has therefore taken place between the white racists, right-wing conservatives and Christian fundamentalists.

Robert Kennedy and Martin Luther King called for further civil rights legislation before their deaths in 1968. Both men were probably assassinated as part of a right-wing racist conspiracy.

LBJ was right in his prediction. However, so was RFK when he said in 1968 that the US would have a “Negro president” in 40 years.

With Barack Obama's victory it is ironic that the Republican Party is now only really strong in the Deep South. LBJ was right in the short-term about how the passing of Civil Rights legislation in the 1960s would hurt the Democratic Party. However, in the long-term, it hurt the Republican Party.

If Barack Obama now orders the release of CIA and FBI files on the three assassinations, we might well be in a good position to have a fuller understanding of US history since the election of JFK in 1960.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkennedyJ.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkennedyR.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAjohnsonLB.htm

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAkingML.htm

Alexander Fleming

2008-10-29T11:45:00.000-07:00

On the outbreak of the First World War Alexander Fleming joined the Royal Army Medical Corps. Fleming and Almroth Wright were based in Boulogne. Fleming soon discovered that many of the wounded men being transported back from the Western Front were suffering from septicaemia, tetanus and gangrene. He was aware that white blood corpuscles, left to themselves, killed an enormous number of microbes. Yet the infections from war wounds were terrible. Fleming realised that part of the answer was that there was a great deal of dead tissue around the wound, providing a good culture in which microbes could flourish. In September 1915, he published an article in The Lancet advising surgeons to remove as much dead tissue as possible from the area of wounds.

Fleming research showed that the traditional treatment of infected wounds with antiseptics, was totally ineffective when used in the Casualty Clearing Station. He discovered that antiseptics did nothing to prevent gangrene in seriously injured soldiers. The reason for this was that scraps of underclothing and other dirty objects were driven by the force of an explosion deeply into the patient's tissues, where antiseptics were unable to reach.

Fleming and Almroth Wright realised that supporting the natural resources of the body would be more effective in the treatment of gangrene and the showed that a high concentration of saline solution would achieve this. However, they had great deal of difficulty in persuading the Royal Army Medical Corps to adopt this treatment.

Fleming remained convinced that he would eventually find a successful treatment for infected wounds. "Surrounded by all these infected wounds, by men who were suffering and dying without our being able to do anything to help them, I was consumed by a desire to discover, after all this struggling and waiting, something which would kill those microbes."

After the war Fleming returned to St. Mary's Hospital in Paddington and in 1921 Fleming was made assistant director of the Inoculation Department. The following year he discovered lysozyme, a natural antibacterial enzyme which he found initially in human tears.

In 1928 Fleming was appointed as Professor of Bacteriology at the University of London. Later that year he was clearing out some old dishes in which he grew his cultures. On one of the mouldy dishes, he noticed that around the mould, the microbes had apparently been dissolved. He took a small sample of the mould and set it aside. He later identified it as of the penicillium family. He therefore named the anti-bacterial agent he had discovered penicillin.

Fleming published his findings in 1929 but it was not until during the Second World War that Howard Florey and Ernst Chain managed to isolate and concentrate penicillin. It was not until the end of the war that the antibiotic could be mass produced and was widely used. Fleming, Florey and Chain won the Nobel Prize for Medicine in 1945.

In October 1953 Fleming developed pneumonia. He was given an injection of penicillin. Fleming made a quick recovery and he later commented: "I had no idea it was so good."

It was recently estimated that over 200 million lives have been saved by penicillin since 1945.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWflemingA.htm

C. S. Lewis

2008-10-27T12:52:00.000-07:00

C. S. Lewis is best known for "Narnia" stories for children that began with The Lion, the Witch and the Wardrobe (1950) and finished with The Last Battle (1956).

Lewis attended Malvern College and in 1916 he won a scholarship to University College, Oxford. However, the Master of the College informed Lewis that, with the exception of one boy with health problems, everyone who had won a scholarship had joined the British Army in order to fight in the First World War. As the authors of Famous 1914-1918 (2008) pointed out: "As as Irishman, Lewis could legally have avoided service, there being no conscription in Ireland, but the thought never entered his head: he would serve."

Lewis initially joined a cadet battalion at Keble College. He made friends with a small group of students including Ernest Moore, Martin Somerville, Thomas Davy and Alexander Sutton. Lewis became a commissioned officer in the Somerset Light Infantry. He soon became very close to Laurence Johnson, who had also won a scholarship to Oxford University. All these men, except for Lewis, were killed. In fact, an estimated 25% of all scholarship boys were killed during the First World War.

Lewis was badly wounded during an attack on the German trenches on 14th April 1918. "Just after I was hit, I found (or thought I found) that I was not breathing and concluded that this was death. I felt no fear and certainly no courage. It did not seem to be an occasion for either." When Lewis regained consciousness he discovered that the man standing next to him, Sergeant Harry Ayres, had been killed by the same shell that had wounded him.

After the war he went to live with Jane Moore, the mother of Ernest Moore. He therefore kept the promise he had made in 1917 that he would look after his mother if he was killed in the First World War. He introduced Moore to friends as his mother (his own mother had died of cancer when he was 10 years old).

Moore developed dementia after the Second World War and was eventually moved into a nursing home, where she died in 1951. It was said that he visited her every day that she was in the nursing home.

For several years Lewis corresponded with Joy Davidman, an American poet. The couple were married on 21st March 1956. She died from bone cancer on 13th July, 1960. Lewis wrote about the relationship in his book, A Grief Observed (1961). The relationship is the subject of the film, Shadowlands.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWlewisCS.htm

Football Encyclopaedia

2008-10-23T11:54:00.001-07:00

An organic encyclopaedia of British Football. It includes entries on Managers, Professional Football, Crowd Trouble, Disasters, Coaching, Black Footballers, Corruption in Football, Discipline and Punishment, FA Cup, Football Deaths, Schoolboy Football, First World War, Second World War, Football Cigarette Cards, Football Association, Internationals, Football League, Scottish League, Football Journalism, Tactics, Football Stadiums, Trade Unionism, Goolkeeping, Goalscorers, Health Risks, etc. There are also sections on Early Football Teams (30), Administrators, Managers and Journalists (60), Star Players (362), Women's Football (14) and Football Cigarette Cards (12).

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ENCfootball.htm

Basil Rathbone

2008-10-23T11:39:00.000-07:00

Basil Rathbone is probably best known as the film actor who played Sherlock Holmes. Rathbone was a battalion intelligence officer during the First World War and twice a week he led reconnaissance night patrols into No Man's Land. On the patrol's return, it was Rathbone's job to write up a report. He later admitted that many of these reports "were masterpieces of invention; inconclusive, yet always suggesting that every effort had been made by our patrol to garner information and/or make contact with the enemy. Under such circumstances one's imagination was often sorely tried in supplying acceptable news items."

In July 1918 Rathbone went to see his commanding officer and explained that it was very difficult for him to obtain accurate information in the dark. He suggested that he should undertake patrols in full daylight. He added that he should be allowed to take two other men with him: Corporal Norman Tanner and Private Richard Burton.

In his autobiography, In and Out of Character (1956), Rathbone described his first daylight patrol: "Camouflage suits had been made for us to resemble trees. On our heads we wore wreaths of freshly plucked foliage; our faces and hands were blackened with burnt cork. About 5.00am we crawled through our wire and lay up in No-Man's-Land."

Rathbone won the Military Cross for his daylight patrols. The citation included the following: "Lieutenant Rathbone volunteered to go out on daylight patrol, and on each occasion brought back invaluable information regarding enemy's posts, and the exact position and condition of the wire. On 26 July, when on the enemy's side of the wire, he came face to face with a German. He shot the German, but this alarmed two neighbouring posts, and they at once opened a heavy fire with two machine guns. Despite the enemy fire, Lieutenant Rathbone got his three men and himself through the enemy wire and back to our lines. The result of his patrolling was to pin down exactly where the enemy posts were, and how they were held, while inflicting casualties on the enemy at no loss to his own men. Lieutenant Rathbone has always shown a great keenness in patrol work both by day and by night."

Rathbone's motives for taking such risks dates back to an incident that took place a few months earlier. He met up with his brother John Rathbone in the trenches. He later recalled: "We retired late, full of good food and Scotch whiskey. We shared my bed and were soon sound asleep. It was still dark when I awakened from a nightmare. I had just seen John killed. I lit the candle beside my bed and held it to my brother's face - for some moments I could not persuade myself that he was not indeed dead. At last I heard his regular gentle breathing. I kissed him and blew out the candle and lay back on my pillow again. But further sleep was impossible. A tremulous premonition haunted me - a premonition which even the dawn failed to dispel." John Rathbone was killed a few days later on 4th June.

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWrathbone.htm

You will find some interesting information about these famous men about their experiences during the First World War:

2008-10-22T12:50:00.000-07:00

A.A. Milne
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWmilneAA.htm

R. C. Sherriff
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWsherriff.htm

Geoffrey Winthrop Young
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwinthropG.htm

Dennis Wheatley
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWwheatleyD.htm

Arnold Ridley

2008-10-16T12:49:00.000-07:00

Most people probably know Arnold Ridley best for his performance as Charles Godfrey in Dad's Army (1968-1977). However, he was also someone who bravely fought in the British Army in two world wars. He wrote a moving account of these experiences in his memoirs. Unfortunately, they have never been published. I have included some extracts from these memoirs on my page on Ridley:

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWridleyA.htm

After his death in 1984 his son, Jasper Ridley, pointed out: "A horrible irony is that my father was not the sort of man who was out for official recognition, yet all he had ever wanted was the Military Medal. He told me that when he came back from No Man's Land after an attack on the Somme, he was standing around with four or five other boys when an officer spoke to them. He said he was going to put them all up for the MM except for my father who, because he had a lance corporal stripe on, he would put up for the Distinguished Conduct Medal. All the other men got their MMs but he didn't get the DCM, and that did embitter him a little bit. It is exactly the sort of thing he would not have normally cared about, but I think he felt it was a badge of comradeship. When he was awarded an OBE for playing a small comedy part in a television series, I felt it was a poor reward for someone who had served in two world wars."

Spartacus Educational

2008-10-15T03:35:00.001-07:00

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/

Established in September 1997, the Spartacus Educational website provides a series of history encyclopaedias. Topics covered include British History: 1750-1960, United States: 1840-1980, First World War, Second World War, Association Football, Making of the United Kingdom, Tudors & Stuarts, Assassination of John F. Kennedy, Watergate, Spanish Civil War, Russia: 1860-1945, Germany: 1900-1945, France: 1900-1945, etc. Entries usually include a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is linked to other relevant pages in the encyclopaedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail. The sources are also hyper-linked so the student is able to find out about the writer, artist, newspaper and organization that produced the material.

Encyclopaedia of British History: 1700-1960 (2,457 entries)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Britain.html

A comprehensive encyclopaedia being produced for the National Grid of Learning and a completely free resource for all students of British history. The encyclopaedia currently contains 2,445 entries and is an attempt to show the history of Britain through the eyes of people from all levels of society. This is a reference work that provides as much information about Marie Corbett as it does about Queen Victoria; where Henry Hetherington's life is examined in the same sort of detail as that of the Duke of Wellington. The encyclopaedia is being created in sections (entries in parenthesis): Emancipation of Women (114), Textile Industry (148), Entrepreneurs (80), Religion (122), Trade Unions (70), Socialism (178), Members of Parliament: (216), Peterloo (78), Parliamentary Reform (114), Chartism (66), Scotland (60), Education (102), Slavery (158), Prime Ministers (33), Child Labour (94), Parliamentary Legislation (74), London in the 19th Century (38), Political Parties and Election Results (42), Engineers (34), Railways (116), Artists & Architects (82), Cartoonists (98), Poets & Novelists (72), Theatre (24), Poverty, Health and Housing (26), Towns & Cities (40), Journalists (100), Newspapers & Magazines (38) and Publishers (50).

Encyclopaedia of the First World War (923 entries)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm

The encyclopaedia is being created in sections (entries in parenthesis). So far the following sections are available: Chronology (1), Outbreak of War (22), Countries (22), Allied Armed Forces (32), Important Battles (34), Technology (10), Political Leaders (94), British Home Front (20), Military Leaders (58), Life in the Trenches(24), Trench System (22), Trench War (18), Soldiers (44), War Heroes (12), Medals (8), War at Sea (24), War in the Air (48), Pilots (28), Aircraft (30), War Artists (34), Cartoonists and Illustrators (90), War Poets (16), Journalists (28), Newspapers and Journals (16), Novelists (36), Women at War (56), Women's Organisations (14), Weapons & War Machines (42), Inventors and the War (12) Theatres of War (6) and War Statistics (18).

Encyclopaedia of the United States: 1840-1980 (1890 entries)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA.htm

An organic encyclopaedia on the USA between 1840-1980. The encyclopaedia is being created in sections. So far the following sections are available: American Civil War (262), Political Figures (170), Political Events (62), Slavery (156), Women's Suffrage (116), Business Leaders (54), Scientists (20), Supreme Court Judges (18), Trade Unions (68), Journalists (84), Newspapers & Magazines (36), European Immigration (270), Artists and Illustrators (28), Cartoonists (56), Photographers (50), Novelists & Poets (58), the First World War (86), Crime & Criminals (26), McCarthyism (110), Roosevelt and the New Deal (56), and the Struggle for Civil Rights (246).

Encyclopaedia of the Second World War

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WW.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of the Second World War. So far there are sections on: Background to the War; Nazi Germany, Chronology of the War, Political Leaders, European Diplomacy, Major Offensives, British Military Leaders, USA Military Leaders, German Military Leaders, Japanese Military Leaders, The Armed Forces, The Air War, The Resistance, Scientists & Inventors, War at Sea, Resistance in Nazi Germany, The Holocaust, War Artists, Weapons and New Technology.

Assassination of President Kennedy Encyclopaedia

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKindex.htm

A detailed look at the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. There are biographies of 328 people involved in the case: Major Figures (84), Important Witnesses (66), Investigators, Researchers and Journalists (112) and Possible Conspirators (132). Other sections include: Reports (4), Organizations and Operations (26) and Key Issues (4). The website also looks at the possibility that different organizations such as the Mafia, CIA, FBI, Secret Service, KGB and the John Birch Society might have been involved in the planning of the assassination. Other possibilities such as anti-Castro activists, Texas oil millionaires and the Warren Commission's lone-gunman theory are also looked at. The website has an activity section and a forum where students and teachers can enter into debate with the author of the material, other investigators and witnesses to the events of 1963.

The American West (384 entries)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAamericanwest.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of the American West. So far there are sections on Explorers (12), Frontiersmen, Mountain Men and Fur Trappers (20), Criminals and Outlaws (34), Soldiers (30), Migrants and Settlers (12), Cattlemen and Cowboys (12), Judges and Lawmen (30), Politicians (10), Women and the Wild West (16), Inventors and Businessmen (10) Artists and Writers (12), Native Americans Leaders (18), Events and Issues (64), Trails and Places (10), Native American Tribes (26), Forts, Towns and Cities (28), Guns, Clothes and Equipment (20), Animals and Wild Life (20). Most entries contain a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is hypertexted to other relevant pages in the encyclopaedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail.

Cold War Encyclopaedia

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ColdWar.htm

As well as 160 biographies there are 74 articles on subjects such as the Atomic Bomb, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Comintern, Cuban Missile Crisis, Domino Theory, Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Hallstein Doctrine, Hungarian Uprising, Korean War, Marshall Aid, McCarthyism, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Nuclear Arms Race, Ostpolitik, Perestroika, Prague Spring, Solidarnosc, Schuman Plan, Truman Doctrine, U-2 Crisis, Vietnam War and the Warsaw Pact.

Tudor Encyclopaedia

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Tudors.htm

Tudor Encyclopedia: A collection of articles on the Tudor period. As well as 42 biographies there are articles on the Battle of Bosworth, Act of Union, Agriculture and Enclosures, Anglicans and Puritans, The Babington Plot, Catholics and Protestants, Elizabethan Theatre, Elizabeth and Marriage, Henry VIII and the Pope, Kett Rebellion, Poverty in Tudor England, The Protestant Reformation, Pilgrimage of Grace, The Ridolfi Plot, The Spanish Armada, Sports and Pastimes, The Throckmorton Plot, Tobacco in Tudor England, Tudor Artists, Tudor Heretics, Tudor Monasteries, Tudor Parliaments, Tudor Wales and the Tyndale Bible.

British History: 1600-1750

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Stuarts.htm

British History from 1600 to 1750. As well as 112 biographies there are articles on important events (The Civil War, Cromwell’s Commonwealth, Glorious Revolution, Great Fire of London, Gunpowder Plot, Jacobite Rebellion, Pride’s Purge, Putney Debates, Restoration, Rye House Plot, Ship Money, Test Acts); religious and political groups (Anabaptists, Anglicans, Baptists, Congregationalists, Diggers, Fifth Monarchists, Independents, Levellers, Presbyterians, Puritans, Quakers, Tories and Whigs); and military groups and battles (Cavaliers, Culloden, Edgehill, Marston Moor, Naseby, Newbury, New Model Army, Roundheads, Roundway Down).

Vietnam War

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/vietnam.html

This website provides a detailed account of the Vietnam War. There is also an interview area where 12 Vietnam veterans are willing to answer questions from students on their experiences of the war. As well as thirty biographies of individuals who played an important role in the conflict there are entries for Buddhism, Cambodia and Laos, Chemical Warfare, Dien Bien Phu, Domino Theory, Eisenhower Doctrine, Guerrilla Warfare, Gulf of Tonkin, Ho Chi Minh Trail, Mass Media and the War, My Lai, National Liberation Front, Negotiated Peace, Operation Rolling Thunder, Strategic Hamlet Programme, Tet Offensive, Vietnam Protest Movement, Vietnam Revolutionary League and Vietnamization.

The Emancipation of Women: 1750-1920

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/women.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of how British women got the vote. Each entry contains a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is hypertexted to other relevant pages in the encyclopedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail. The sources are also hypertexted so the student is able to find out about the writer, artist, newspaper, organization, etc., that produced the material. So far there are sections on: omen in the 19th Century (Schooling, Marriage, Industrial Work, Careers & Professions, University Education, Birth Control), Pressure Groups, Strategy and Tactics and Parliamentary Reform Acts.

Black People in Britain

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/BlackPeople.htm

A collection of biographies of black people who lived in Britain. This includes John Alcindor, Ira Aldridge, John Archer, Francis Barber, Manchererjee Bhownaggree, George Bridgetower, Learie Constantine, William Cuffay, Offobah Cugoano, William Davidson, Celestine Edwards, Olaudah Equiano, Marcus Garvey, C. L. R. James, Claude McKay, Tom Molineaux, Harold Moody, Dadabhai Naoroji, George Padmore, James Peters, Bill Richmond, Paul Robeson, Shapurji Saklatvala, Innatius Sancho, Mary Seacole, Samuel Coleridge Taylor, Walter Tull, Robert Wedderburn, Arthur Wharton and Sylvester Williams.

Encyclopaedia of Russia: 1860-1990 (300 entries)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Russia.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia on Russia. So far there are sections on: Events and Issues, 1860-1914 (22); Revolutionary Philosophers (8); Russian Revolutionaries, 1860-1910 (32); Russian Political and Military Figures: 1860-1920 (34); Events and Issues in Russia, 1914-20 (18); Russian Revolutionaries: 1914-20 (64); Political Groups and Organizations (12), Foreign Witnesses of the Revolution (18), Newspapers and Journals (6), Russian Literature (24), Soviet Union: 1920-1945 (20), Soviet Union: 1945-1990 (16) and Political Figures: 1945-1990 (14).

Germany: 1900-45 (452 entries)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Germany.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of Germany. So far there are sections on the First World War (82), German Art (18), German Scientists (26), Weimar Republic (16), Political Parties (8), Political Leaders : 1900-1930 (42), Foreign Policy: 1930-40 (12), Military Leaders (42), Nazi Germany (34), Nazi Political Leaders (74), German Resistance to Nazism (52), Holocaust (46).

Encyclopaedia of France: 1900-45

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/France.htm

The encyclopaedia is being created in sections. So far the following sections are available: Military Leaders: 1900-1920, France and the First World War, French Armed Forces: 1914-18, French Politicians: 1920-1945, Military Leaders: 1920-1945, French Politicians: 1945-1970, France and the Second World War, French Armed Forces: 1939-45 and the French Resistance.

Spanish Civil War (246)

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Spanish-Civil-War.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of the Spanish Civil War. There are sections on: Main Events and Issues (10), Political Organizations (16), Military Organizations (24), Important Battles (12), Biographies: Spanish (56), Biographies: Foreign Participants and Observers (96), International Leaders and the Civil War (22) and Individual Countries and the Spanish Civil War (10).

Teaching History Online

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/history.htm

A free weekly email journal for anyone interested in using the internet to teach or study history. The journal includes online news, reviews of websites and articles on ICT history. Members will also be able to submit information for inclusion in the newsletter. In this way we hope to bring people together who are involved in using the internet to teach history. Currently it has 41,600 subscribers. Past editions can be seen at: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/history.htm You can subscribe to Teaching History Online by sending an email to IwantHistory@keepAhead.com

Education on the Internet

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/internet.htm

Education on the Internet is a free weekly email journal for anyone interested in using the internet in schools, colleges or for private study. The journal includes online news, reviews of websites and articles on ICT. Subscribers can submit information for inclusion in the newsletter. In this way Spartacus Educational hopes to develop a community of people involved in using the internet for education. Currently Education on the Internet has 53,150 subscribers. Past editions can be seen at: http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/internet.htm. You can subscribe to Education on the Internet by sending an email to IwantEducation@keepAhead.com or from any page on the Spartacus Educational website.

Educational Web Directory

http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/webdirect.htm

Sections of the educational web directory includes Primary, English, Mathematics, Science, Modern Languages, History, Geography, Design & Technology, Business Studies, Media Studies, ICT, Sociology, Music, Politics, Physical Education and Religious Studies.

New Spartacus Educational Web Pages.

2008-10-15T03:04:00.000-07:00

George Leigh Mallory and Trafford Leigh Mallory

2008-10-15T03:03:00.001-07:00

History teachers might want to consider doing a study of George Leigh Mallory and his brother Trafford Leigh Mallory (1892-1944).In 1905 Mallory went to Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. While at university he became friends with Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes and Lytton Strachey. After graduating Mallory became a teacher at Charterhouse where he taught Robert Graves, encouraging his interest in poetry and mountaineering. Graves later recalled: "He (Mallory) was wasted at Charterhouse. He tried to treat his class in a friendly way, which puzzled and offended them." In 1905 Mallory went to Magdalene College, Cambridge, to study history. While at university he became friends with Rupert Brooke, John Maynard Keynes and Lytton Strachey. After graduating Mallory became a teacher at Charterhouse where he taught Robert Graves, encouraging his interest in poetry and mountaineering. Graves later recalled: "He (Mallory) was wasted at Charterhouse. He tried to treat his class in a friendly way, which puzzled and offended them." Mallory was deeply shocked by the outbreak of the First World War. He believed strongly that international disputes should be solved by diplomacy. However, some of his friends, including Robert Graves and Rupert Brooke, did join the British Army. After the death of Brooke in 1915 he decided to join the Royal Artillery. His letters to his wife are a tremendous resource on life on the Western Front. Mallory served in France until January 1919. He returned to teaching history at Charterhouse and revived the college mountaineering group. Of the original sixty members, twenty-three had been killed and eleven more wounded.In 1921 Mallory was invited to join a reconnaissance expedition to Mount Everest. The following year he took part in an attempt to reach the summit, but the group was forced back by bad weather. However, Mallory and his colleagues reached a new world record altitude of just under 27,000 feet, a feat achieved without oxygen. Mallory was asked why he wished to climb Mount Everest and he replied: "Because it is there."George Mallory was considered to be the best mountain climber in the world. Harry Tyndale, who climbed with Mallory, argued: "In watching George at work one was conscious not so much of physical strength as of suppleness and balance; so rhythmical and harmonious was his progress in any steep place ... that his movements appeared almost serpentine in their smoothness." Geoffrey Winthrop Young added: "His movement in climbing was entirely his own. It contradicted all theory. He would set his foot high against any angle of smooth surface, fold his shoulder to his knee, and flow upward and upright again on an impetuous curve." Mallory joined another expedition to Mount Everest in 1924. Approaching his 38th birthday, he considered that this would be his last chance to climb the world's highest mountain. Mallory and an excellent young climber, Andrew Irvine, set off from the highest camp for the top on 8th June. Both climbers were seen by Noel Odell through a telescope on the mountain's northeast ridge, only a few hundred metres from the summit. They never returned to high camp and died somewhere high on the mountain. Robert Graves argued that "anyone who had climbed with George is convinced that he got to the summit." His close friend, Geoffrey Winthrop Young was also convinced that he conquered Everest. He wrote: "After nearly twenty years' knowledge of Mallory as a mountaineer, I can say that difficult as it would have been for any mountaineer to turn back, with the only difficulty past, to Mallory it would have been an impossibility." Tom Longstaff, who took part in the 1922 Everest expedition, added: "It is obvious to any climber that they got up.... Now, they will never grow old and I am very sure they would not change places with any of us."Over the next thirty years there were several attempts to climb Mount Everest. In 1933, Percy Wyn-Harris discovered Irvine's ice-axe on a rock at around 27,500 feet (8380 m). Everest was eventually conquered by Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay on 29 May 1953. They spent only about 15 minutes at the summit. They looked for evidence of the 1924 Mallory expedition, but found none.In 1975, Wang Hongbao, a Chinese climber reported that he had seen the body of a at 8100m, while attempting to climb Everest. Wang was killed in an avalanche a day after the report and so the location was never precisely fixed. However, the only possible identity of the body was that of Mallory or Irvine.The Mallory and Irvine Research Expedition, led by Eric Simonson, took place in 1999. The frozen body of Mallory was found at 26,760 feet (8,160 m) on the north face of the mountain. The body was remarkably well preserved due to the mountain's climate and from the rope-jerk injury around his waist, encircled by the remnants of a climbing rope, it appears that the two were roped together when Mallory fell. The body lay roughly below the location of Irvine's ice axe found in 1933. The fact that the body was relatively unbroken suggests that Mallory may not have fallen such a long distance as Irvine.My web page contains several bits of evidence that could be consulted to answer the question: "Did Mallory and Irvine reach the summit of Mount Everest in 1924".http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWWmalloryG.htm
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WWmallory.htm

Period House Style

2008-10-15T02:17:00.000-07:00

Period House Style http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDefault.php
Period House Style offers the resources to research the correct period details of your home. From Victorian front doors, Regency wallpaper to Bakelite handles. This guide provides an insite into each period style whether you are restoring, extending or building your home.
Period House Style is laid out so that either details of specific periods i.e. Edwardian can be researched or by general features i.e. Leaded Glass. Each page provides a history of the subject, lots of images and further links to either research or source products.

This Months Feature http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesDoorEntrancesPorches.php
Canopies, Door Entrances & Porches A canopy or porch can provide protection and shelter from the weather as well as create a decorative feature that draws the eye to the main entrance of the house. The porch can be inside the main front wall or protrude from the building.
Styles range from enclosed stone or brick porches to open timbered frame that might be part glazed. The 18th and 19th century builders used simple roof canopies or door hoods and later in the 19th century saw timber painted lattice work porches become popular. The Victorian & Edwardian created elaborated designs with steep roofs, coped gables, carved kneelers and finials.

The Georgian and Regency House http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesGeorgian.php
The Edwardian House http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomesEdwardian.php
1920 - 1930's House http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomes.php

Period Home Style

2008-05-23T00:09:00.000-07:00

I have started to create a Period Homes Directory. This will be a information site about all the period details of the home from front doors to chimney stacks. View my pages on the 1920's - 30's home style: http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRHomes.php

Freepedia Homepage http://www.freepedia.co.uk/default.php
Travel Guide http://www.freepedia.co.uk/travelguide.php
Poets, Novelists, Playwrights & Essayists http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRFWWwritersD.php

2007-12-05T04:29:00.000-08:00

Freepedia Homepage http://www.freepedia.co.uk/default.php

Travel Guide http://www.freepedia.co.uk/travelguide.php

Poets, Novelists, Playwrights & Essayists http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRFWWwritersD.php

Freepedia Travel Directory

2007-12-05T02:47:00.000-08:00

Directory Poets, Novelists, Playwrights and Essayists

2007-12-04T02:09:00.000-08:00

Freepedia

2007-07-25T08:45:00.000-07:00

Freepedia

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/

This includes a directory of important Poets, Novelists, Playwrights and Essayists

http://www.freepedia.co.uk/DIRFWWwritersD.php

Spartacus Educational

2007-07-25T08:37:00.000-07:00

Established in September 1997, the Spartacus Educational website provides a series of history encyclopaedias. Titles currently include British History: 1750-1960, United States: 1840-1980, First World War, Second World War, English Civil War, The Tudors, Making of the United Kingdom, The Medieval World, Russia: 1860-1945, The Cold War, Watergate, The Assassination of JFK, American West, American Civil War, Germany: 1900-1945, France: 1900-1945, Football: 1000 – 1950, etc. Entries usually include a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is linked to other relevant pages in the encyclopaedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail. The sources are also hyper-linked so the student is able to find out about the writer, artist, newspaper and organization that produced the material.

Encyclopaedia of British History: 1700-1960 (2,457 entries)http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Britain.html

The encyclopaedia currently contains 2,445 entries and is an attempt to show the history of Britain through the eyes of people from all levels of society. This is a reference work that provides as much information about Marie Corbett as it does about Queen Victoria; where Henry Hetherington's life is examined in the same sort of detail as that of the Duke of Wellington. The encyclopaedia is being created in sections (entries in parenthesis): Emancipation of Women (114), Textile Industry (148), Entrepreneurs (80), Religion (122), Trade Unions (70), Socialism (178), Members of Parliament: (216), Peterloo (78), Parliamentary Reform (114), Chartism (66), Scotland (60), Education (102), Slavery (158), Prime Ministers (33), Child Labour (94), Parliamentary Legislation (74), London in the 19th Century (38), Political Parties and Election Results (42), Engineers (34), Railways (116), Artists & Architects (82), Cartoonists (98), Poets & Novelists (72), Theatre (24), Poverty, Health and Housing (26), Towns & Cities (40), Journalists (100), Newspapers & Magazines (38) and Publishers (50).

Encyclopaedia of the First World War (923 entries)http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/FWW.htm

The encyclopaedia is being created in sections (entries in parenthesis). So far the following sections are available: Chronology (1), Outbreak of War (22), Countries (22), Allied Armed Forces (32), Important Battles (34), Technology (10), Political Leaders (94), British Home Front (20), Military Leaders (58), Life in the Trenches (24), Trench System (22), Trench War (18), Soldiers (44), War Heroes (12), Medals (8), War at Sea (24), War in the Air (48), Pilots (28), Aircraft (30), War Artists (34), Cartoonists and Illustrators (90), War Poets (16), Journalists (28), Newspapers and Journals (16), Novelists (36), Women at War (56), Women's Organisations (14), Weapons & War Machines (42), Inventors and the War (12) Theatres of War (6) and War Statistics (18).

Encyclopaedia of the United States: 1840-1980 (1890 entries)http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USA.htm

An organic encyclopaedia on the USA between 1840-1980. The encyclopaedia is being created in sections. So far the following sections are available: American Civil War (262), Political Figures (170), Political Events (62), Slavery (156), Women's Suffrage (116), Business Leaders (54), Scientists (20), Supreme Court Judges (18), Trade Unions (68), Journalists (84), Newspapers & Magazines (36), European Immigration (270), Artists and Illustrators (28), Cartoonists (56), Photographers (50), Novelists & Poets (58), the First World War (86), Crime & Criminals (26), McCarthyism (110), Roosevelt and the New Deal (56), and the Struggle for Civil Rights (246).

Encyclopaedia of the Second World War
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/2WW.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of the Second World War. So far there are sections on: Background to the War; Nazi Germany, Chronology of the War, Political Leaders, European Diplomacy, Major Offensives, British Military Leaders, USA Military Leaders, German Military Leaders, Japanese Military Leaders, The Armed Forces, The Air War, The Resistance, Scientists & Inventors, War at Sea, Resistance in Nazi Germany, The Holocaust, War Artists, Weapons and New Technology.

Assassination of President Kennedy Encyclopaedia
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/JFKindex.htm

A detailed look at the assassination of President John F. Kennedy. There are biographies of 328 people involved in the case: Major Figures (84), Important Witnesses (66), Investigators, Researchers and Journalists (112) and Possible Conspirators (132). Other sections include: Reports (4), Organizations and Operations (26) and Key Issues (4). The website also looks at the possibility that different organizations such as the Mafia, CIA, FBI, Secret Service, KGB and the John Birch Society might have been involved in the planning of the assassination. Other possibilities such as anti-Castro activists, Texas oil millionaires and the Warren Commission's lone-gunman theory are also looked at. The website has an activity section and a forum where students and teachers can enter into debate with the author of the material, other investigators and witnesses to the events of 1963.

The American West (384 entries)http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/USAamericanwest.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of the American West. So far there are sections on Explorers (12), Frontiersmen, Mountain Men and Fur Trappers (20), Criminals and Outlaws (34), Soldiers (30), Migrants and Settlers (12), Cattlemen and Cowboys (12), Judges and Lawmen (30), Politicians (10), Women and the Wild West (16), Inventors and Businessmen (10) Artists and Writers (12), Native Americans Leaders (18), Events and Issues (64), Trails and Places (10), Native American Tribes (26), Forts, Towns and Cities (28), Guns, Clothes and Equipment (20), Animals and Wild Life (20). Most entries contain a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is hypertexted to other relevant pages in the encyclopaedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail.

Cold War Encyclopaedia
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ColdWar.htm

As well as 160 biographies there are 74 articles on subjects such as the Atomic Bomb, Berlin Wall, Bay of Pigs, Comintern, Cuban Missile Crisis, Domino Theory, Federal Republic of Germany, German Democratic Republic, Hallstein Doctrine, Hungarian Uprising, Korean War, Marshall Aid, McCarthyism, North Atlantic Treaty Organization, Nuclear Arms Race, Ostpolitik, Perestroika, Prague Spring, Solidarnosc, Schuman Plan, Truman Doctrine, U-2 Crisis, Vietnam War and the Warsaw Pact.

Tudor Encyclopaedia
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Tudors.htm

A collection of articles on the Tudor period. As well as 42 biographies there are articles on the Battle of Bosworth, Act of Union, Agriculture and Enclosures, Anglicans and Puritans, The Babington Plot, Catholics and Protestants, Elizabethan Theatre, Elizabeth and Marriage, Henry VIII and the Pope, Kett Rebellion, Poverty in Tudor England, The Protestant Reformation, Pilgrimage of Grace, The Ridolfi Plot, The Spanish Armada, Sports and Pastimes, The Throckmorton Plot, Tobacco in Tudor England, Tudor Artists, Tudor Heretics, Tudor Monasteries, Tudor Parliaments, Tudor Wales and the Tyndale Bible.

British History: 1600-1750
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Stuarts.htm

British History from 1600 to 1750. As well as 112 biographies there are articles on important events (The Civil War, Cromwell’s Commonwealth, Glorious Revolution, Great Fire of London, Gunpowder Plot, Jacobite Rebellion, Pride’s Purge, Putney Debates, Restoration, Rye House Plot, Ship Money, Test Acts); religious and political groups (Anabaptists, Anglicans, Baptists, Congregationalists, Diggers, Fifth Monarchists, Independents, Levellers, Presbyterians, Puritans, Quakers, Tories and Whigs); and military groups and battles (Cavaliers, Culloden, Edgehill, Marston Moor, Naseby, Newbury, New Model Army, Roundheads, Roundway Down).

Vietnam War
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/vietnam.html

This website provides a detailed account of the Vietnam War. There is also an interview area where 12 Vietnam veterans are willing to answer questions from students on their experiences of the war. As well as thirty biographies of individuals who played an important role in the conflict there are entries for Buddhism, Cambodia and Laos, Chemical Warfare, Dien Bien Phu, Domino Theory, Eisenhower Doctrine, Guerrilla Warfare, Gulf of Tonkin, Ho Chi Minh Trail, Mass Media and the War, My Lai, National Liberation Front, Negotiated Peace, Operation Rolling Thunder, Strategic Hamlet Programme, Tet Offensive, Vietnam Protest Movement, Vietnam Revolutionary League and Vietnamization.

The Emancipation of Women: 1750-1920
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/women.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of how British women got the vote. Each entry contains a narrative, illustrations and primary sources. The text within each entry is hypertexted to other relevant pages in the encyclopedia. In this way it is possible to research individual people and events in great detail. The sources are also hypertexted so the student is able to find out about the writer, artist, newspaper, organization, etc., that produced the material. So far there are sections on: omen in the 19th Century (Schooling, Marriage, Industrial Work, Careers & Professions, University Education, Birth Control), Pressure Groups, Strategy and Tactics and Parliamentary Reform Acts.

Black People in Britain
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/BlackPeople.htm

A collection of biographies of black people who lived in Britain. This includes John Alcindor, Ira Aldridge, John Archer, Francis Barber, Manchererjee Bhownaggree, George Bridgetower, Learie Constantine, William Cuffay, Offobah Cugoano, William Davidson, Celestine Edwards, Olaudah Equiano, Marcus Garvey, C. L. R. James, Claude McKay, Tom Molineaux, Harold Moody, Dadabhai Naoroji, George Padmore, James Peters, Bill Richmond, Paul Robeson, Shapurji Saklatvala, Innatius Sancho, Mary Seacole, Samuel Coleridge Taylor, Walter Tull, Robert Wedderburn, Arthur Wharton and Sylvester Williams.

Encyclopaedia of Russia: 1860-1990 (300 entries)http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Russia.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia on Russia. So far there are sections on: Events and Issues, 1860-1914 (22); Revolutionary Philosophers (8); Russian Revolutionaries, 1860-1910 (32); Russian Political and Military Figures: 1860-1920 (34); Events and Issues in Russia, 1914-20 (18); Russian Revolutionaries: 1914-20 (64); Political Groups and Organizations (12), Foreign Witnesses of the Revolution (18), Newspapers and Journals (6), Russian Literature (24), Soviet Union: 1920-1945 (20), Soviet Union: 1945-1990 (16) and Political Figures: 1945-1990 (14).

Germany: 1900-45 (452 entries)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Germany.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of Germany. So far there are sections on the First World War (82), German Art (18), German Scientists (26), Weimar Republic (16), Political Parties (8), Political Leaders : 1900-1930 (42), Foreign Policy: 1930-40 (12), Military Leaders (42), Nazi Germany (34), Nazi Political Leaders (74), German Resistance to Nazism (52), Holocaust (46).

Encyclopaedia of France: 1900-45
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/France.htm

The encyclopaedia is being created in sections. So far the following sections are available: Military Leaders: 1900-1920, France and the First World War, French Armed Forces: 1914-18, French Politicians: 1920-1945, Military Leaders: 1920-1945, French Politicians: 1945-1970, France and the Second World War, French Armed Forces: 1939-45 and the French Resistance.

Spanish Civil War (246)
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/Spanish-Civil-War.htm

A comprehensive encyclopaedia of the Spanish Civil War. There are sections on: Main Events and Issues (10), Political Organizations (16), Military Organizations (24), Important Battles (12), Biographies: Spanish (56), Biographies: Foreign Participants and Observers (96), International Leaders and the Civil War (22) and Individual Countries and the Spanish Civil War (10).

Encyclopaedia of Association Football
http://www.spartacus.schoolnet.co.uk/ENCfootball.htm

A detailed encyclopaedia on the history of Association Football. It has been produced primarily for students in schools and colleges. Entries include: Alcohol and Football, Amateur Football, Black Footballers, Corruption Cases, Early History of Football, England Internationals, FA Cup Competition, Football and the First World War, Floodlit Football, Football Association, Football Cigarette Cards, Football Deaths, Football Kits, Football League, Football League War Cup, Football Rules, Football and Trade Unionism, Goalkeeping, Goalscorers, International Football, Irish Football, Irish Football Association, Irish Internationals, Ladies Football Association, Managers and Coaches, Munitionettes, Professional Football, Public Schools, Racism, Radio and Football, Railways and Football, Referee, Scottish Football, Scottish Football Association, Scottish League, Scottish Players in England, Scotland Internationals, Sheffield Association, Southern League, Second World War, Tactics and Formation, Television and Football, Tobacco and Football, Transfer System, Wages, Welsh Football, Wales Internationals, Women's Football Association, Women and Football and the World Cup. There are also detailed histories of several football clubs including Manchester United, Preston North Wnd, Blackburn Rovers and West Ham United.